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Ada 95 Reference Manual
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Some people believe that Java is "like" C++. However, usual C++ idioms do not carry over to Java because Java is not a superset of C++. Java is not even a subset of C++; it can at best be seen as a derivation with many modifications and extensions. Thus the syntax of Java and C++ may seem similar at a first glance, but the semantics and philosophy of these two languages is very different.
Java is closer to Ada 95 than to C++, syntax notwithstanding.
A minimal comparison of Java with C++ and Ada 95
| Java | C++ | Ada 95 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inheritance | Single (but with multiple subtyping) | Multiple | Single (but supports MI) |
| Preprocessor | No | Yes | No |
| Separate Interface/Implementation | No (interface generated from code) | Yes (header files) | Yes (specifications) |
| Garbage Collection | Yes | No | Yes |
| Operator Overloading | No | Yes | Yes |
| Pointer Arithmetic | No | Yes | No |
| Generics | No (but extensive polymorphism) | Yes ("templates") | Yes |
| Exceptions | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Native Multi-threading | Yes | No | Yes |
The comparison chart was developed on the basis of one sent by Bill Beckwith on the Team-Ada mailing list (and formatted in HTML by Bob Crispen).
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